The Emergence of Sustainable Bonds in the MENA Region: A Bibliometric Analysis of Development Trajectories and Regulatory Frameworks

Rajae Tmoulik, Mohamed Moutmihi, Rachida El Yamani

This research maps the emergence of sustainable bonds in the MENA region through bibliometric analysis of 453 publications (2010-2026). VOSviewer reveals six clusters: ESG governance (32%), macroeconomic green finance (25%), GCC determinants (18%), theoretical frameworks (15%), green investment (7%), methodologies (3%). Results show evolution from corporate governance toward energy transition. Saudi Arabia and UAE emerge as dominant hubs, structuring three communities: Gulf (Islamic green finance), MaghrebLevant (regulation), Turkey-Asia (energy transitions).